Steel Material Types




Carbon Steel Types

Low carbon steel
60HRB, Plate, sheet, strip, pipes, tubes Carbon – 0.30%max

 Mild steel
90HRB, Structural shapes, Carbon– 0.15 to 0.30%

Medium Carbon Steel
Carbon 0.3- 0.5%, 25HRC, Machine parts

High Carbon Steel
Carbon 0.5 to 1.0%, 40HRC, springs, railroads, abrasion resistant

Low Alloy Steel Types & Application

Alloying element< 10%
HSLA steels- high strength, thick comes down, better toughness, resistant to corrosion in specific environment e.g. Corten
Pipelines, pressure vessels, penstock, offshore structures
Normally used in as rolled or normalized condition.
Alloying elements are Ni, Cu, Mo, Ti, V, and Nb.

Low Alloy Steel

QT Steel

Furnished in heat treated condition, No further heat treatment is required. Has high yield strength. E.g. HY80, HY100, HY130 primarily used as plate
Application: Earthmoving equipment, armour application (defense), pressure vessel, steel mill and mining equipment, ships, TV towers

Cr-Mo Steel

0.5 to 9% Cr, 0.5 to 1.0%Mo
Air harden able, Creep Properties, good high temperature yield strength
Improved oxidation and corrosion resistance
Mo increases strength at high temperature
Ti, V, Nb, N2 addition increases further creep properties.
Used widely in refineries and power generating equipment

Nickel Steel

0.5 to 9% Nickel
Good low temperature properties
Good toughness at low temperature
Cryogenic applications
Pressure vessels, storage tank in refineries, petrochemicals, fertilizer industries

High Alloy Steel

Alloying content > 10%
Ni-Co alloy steel, Mar aging steel (Ni), Austenitic Manganese steel
Ultra high strength steel
Used widely for rocket motor, jaw crushers, mining equipment, bicycle frame
Age hardening


Coated Steel

Lower production cost
Better and more consistent product Reduced energy usage
Easier compliance with environmental, health and safety concerns
Coating could be metallic or paint
Protective coating or decorative Resistance welding preferred

Stainless & Heat Resisting Steel

Min Cr required is 10.5% for making the steel stainless.
Chromium oxide film gives the protection
High thermal coefficient
Low thermal conductivity
More distortion compared to Carbon steel
Very widely used as pressure vessels, heat exchangers in chemical, petrochemical, fertilizer and offshore industries

Stainless steel: Types

Martenistic --- low Cr around 13%
Ferritic --- high Cr around 17 to 26%
Austenitic --- Cr-Ni typical 18/8, 25/20
Duplex ---- high Cr and low Ni, 22 to 25 Cr, 4 to 6 Ni
Austenitic grades are 200 and 300 series, non magnetic

Clad Steel

To reduce cost and also having chemical corrosion resistance
Hydro treaters, chemical, petrochemical,
Marine applications
Surfacing, hard facing, spraying

Other Materials

Ti &Ti alloys

High strength to weight ratio
Used widely in chemical, aerospace, marine field
Good chloride resistance

Zirconium

Reactive metal used in chemical and petrochemical, food processing
Tantalum:
Chemical equipments, corrosion resistance
Al & Al alloys: good electric and thermal conductivity, Non magnetic. Inherent corrosion resistance, Light weight

Mg & Mg alloys

Low weight, Used in Industrial Textiles, printing machines, material handling (gravity conveyor, grain shovel), aerospace

Cu & Cu alloys

Brass, Bronze, Cupro - Nickel
Application in water tubing, valves, fittings, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, bearings, sprinklers

Ni & Ni alloys

Chemical and Heat resistant application like SS

Nickel, Monel, Inconel, Incoloy,

Comments