Stiffness:
It is the
property of a material due to which it is capable of resisting deflection or
elastic deformation under applied loads, also called rigidity.
Plasticity:
The plasticity of a material is its ability to
change some degree of permanent deformation without failure. This property is
widely used in several mechanical processes like forming, shaping, extruding, rolling
etc. Due to these properties various metals can be transformed into different
products of required shape and size. This conversion into desired shape and
size is effected either by the application of pressure, heat or both, Plasticity
increase with increase in temp.
Malleability:
Malleability of a material is its ability to be
flattened into their sheets without creaking by hot or cold working. Aluminum,
copper, tin lead steel etc are malleable metals.
Ductility:
Ductility is that property of a material, which
enables it to draw out into thin wire. Mild steel is a ductile material. The
percent elongation and the reduction in area in tension are often used as empirical
measures of ductility.
Brittleness:
The brittleness of a material is the property of
breaking without much permanent distortion. There are many materials, which
break or fail before much deformation take place. Such materials are brittle
e.g. glass, cast iron. Therefore a non-ductile material is said to be a brittle
material. Usually the tensile strength of brittle materials is only a fraction
of their compressive strength. A brittle material should not be considered as
lacking in strength. It only shows the lack of plasticity.
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