MECHANICAL PROPERTIES


Mechanical properties commonly used by engineers are

Ultimate tensile strength
Tensile yield strength
Elongation
 Modulus of elasticity
Compressive strength
Shear strength
Endurance limit

Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

The maximum load per unit of original cross-sectional area sustained by a material during a tension test.

Tensile Yield Strength (TS)

 The stress corresponding to some permanent deformation from the modulus slope, e.g., 0.2 percent offset in the case of heat treated alloy steels.

Elongation (E)

The amount of permanent extension in a ruptured tensile test specimen; it is usually expressed as a percentage of the original gage length. Elongation is usually taken as a measure of ductility.

Modulus of Elasticity

The property of a material which indicates its rigidity, this property is the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic range.

Compressive Strength

The maximum compressive stress that a material is capable of developing based on the original cross-sectional area. The general design practice is to assume the compressive strength of steel is equal to its tensile strength, although it is actually somewhat greater.

Shear Strength

The stress required producing fracture in the plane of cross section, the conditions of loading being such that the directions of force and of resistance are parallel and opposite although their paths are offset a specified minimum amount. The ultimate shear strength is generally assumed to be three fourths the material’s ultimate tensile strength.


Endurance Limit


The maximum stress to which the material can be subjected for an indefinite service life,  although the standards vary for various types of members and different industries, it is common practice to assume that carrying a certain load for several million cycles of stress reversals indicates that the load can be carried for an indefinite time.


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