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ASME Section IX - Weld Positions

Flat position (1G) The test plates are placed in an approximately horizontal plane and the weld metal deposited from the upper side Horizontal position (2G) The test plates are placed in an approximately vertical plane with the welding groove approximately horizontal Vertical position (3G) The test plates are placed in an approximately vertical plane with the welding groove approximately vertical Overhead position (4G) The test plates are placed in an approximately horizontal plane and the weld metal deposited from the underside Horizontal rolled (1G) The pipe is placed with its axis in an approximately horizontal plane with the welding groove in an approximately vertical plane and the pipe is rolled during welding Vertical (2G) The pipe is placed with its axis in an approximately vertical position with the welding groove in an approximately horizontal plane Horizontal fixed (5G) The pipe is placed with its axis in an appro...

AWS D1.1 - Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria

Crack Prohibition Any Crack Shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or Location. Weld Base Metal Fusion Thorough fusion shall exit between adjacent layer of weld metal and between weld metal and base metal. Crater Cross Section All craters shall be filled to provide the specified weld size, except for the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside of their effective lengths. Weld Profiles Weld profiles shall be in conformance with AWS D1.1 Sub section 5.24 Time of Inspection Visual inspection of welds in all steel may begin immediately after the complete welds have cooled to ambient temperature. Acceptance criteria for ASTM A 514, ASTM A 514 and A 709 Grade 100 and 100 W steels shall be based on visual inspection performed not less than 48hours after completion of welds. Undersized Welds The size of fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U) Spec...

Weld Preparation

Angle of bevel The angle at which the edge of a component is prepared for making a weld For an MMA weld on carbon steel plates, the angle is: 25-30 Deg. for a V preparation 8-12 Deg. for a U preparation 40-50 Deg. for a single bevel preparation 10-20 Deg. for a J preparation Included angle The angle between the planes of the fusion faces of parts to be welded. In the case of single V or U and double V or U this angle is twice the bevel angle. In the case of single or double bevel, single or double J bevel, the included angle is equal to the bevel angle. Root face The portion of a fusion face at the root that is not beveled or grooved. Its value depends on the welding process used, parent material to be welded and application; for a full penetration weld on carbon steel plates, it has a value between 1-2mm (for the common welding processes). Gap The minimum distance at any cross section between edges, ends or surfaces to be joined. Its val...

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